Climate

 

https://youtu.be/YxyDNrTlViw       Amazon Rainforest

Women Change the World Question Answers

 

1	How do you think stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
	Ø Stereotypes about what women can or cannot do affects women’s right to equality because they are termed weak and incapable of doing strong work. Ø It is because of this reason that women are called inferior to men. They are paid less salaries / wages than their man counterparts.
2	List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya.
	ü Learning the alphabet was so important to fulfil their dreams and contribute the society. ü Rashsundari Devi: Wrote “Amar Jiban”, first autobiography written by an Indian woman. ü Ramabai: She set up a mission in Khedagaon where widows and poor women are taught variety of skills from carpentry to running a printing press. ü Rokeya: She started a school for girls in Kolkata in 1910 and thus helped other girls to get education.
3	“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education”.  explain why this statement is not true.
	ü There is no facility in rural areas especially in Adiwasi areas. ü Not even any proper school nearby their villages. ü No teacher in the schools.  ü No transport facilities for going to the school which are generally far away. ü Families are too poor to afford schooling expenses. ü Discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, religion and sex.
4	Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used to raise issues? If you had to organize a struggle against stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
	Ø Raising awareness through street plays, songs and public meetings. Ø Protesting through public rallies and powerful way of drawing attention to injustice. Ø I would like to choose raising awareness because I think violation is not a justified method against this.
5	What is stereotype?
	It refers to the belief that people belonging to a particular religion, community, gender, etc. have certain traits and can do only a certain type of work.
6	Write a note on the strategies used by the women’s movement.
	Campaigning: Campaigns to oppose discrimination and seek justice were an integral part of the women’s movement. Raising awareness: The first step in addressing any issue is to raise public awareness about it. The women’s movement did the same and spread the message through street plays, songs and public meetings. Protesting: When any violation against women takes place, the women’s movement raises its voice against it. Some popular and effective ways of drawing public attention to injustices are public rallies and demonstrations. Showing solidarity: Showing solidarity with other women and causes is also a part of the women’s movement.

 

Electoral Politics - IX

 

1	What makes an election democratic? conditions of a democratic election.
Ans	Ø  Everyone should be able to choose. This means that everyone should have one vote and every vote should have equal value. Ø  There should be something to choose from. Parties and candidates should be free to contest elections and should offer some real choice to the voters. Ø  The choice should be offering that regular interval. Ø  The candidate preferred by the people should get elected. Ø  Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner where people can choose as they really wish.
2	Is it good to have political competition?(Merits and Demerits of electoral or political competition)
Ans	Demerits Ø  It creates a sense of disunity and ‘factionalism’ in every locality. Ø  Different political parties and leaders often level allegations against one another. Ø  Parties and candidates often use dirty tricks to win elections. Ø  Some good people who may wish to serve the country do not enter this competition. They do not like the idea of being dragged into unhealthy competition.   merits Ø  Free competition in elections as the way to select our future leaders. Ø   In a way it tries to improve the knowledge and character of political leaders. Ø  So, if a political party is motivating the only by desire to be in power, even then it will be forced to serve the people. Ø  Political competition may cause divisions and some ugliness, but it finally helps to force political parties and leaders to serve the people.
3	Powers and functions of the Election Commission of India.
	Ø  EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections from the announcement of elections to the declaration of results. Ø  It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it. Ø   During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some government officials. Ø   When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.
	Explain the following:
	General Election: - elections are held in all constituencies at the same time, either on the same day or within a few days. By-election: - Sometimes election is held only for one constituency or two to fill the vacancy caused by death or resignation of a member. This is called a by-election. Electoral constituencies The country is divided into different areas based on population for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral constituencies. Voters ‘List: The list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and given to everyone. This list is officially called Electoral Roll and is commonly known as the Voters ‘List. Security deposit: Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill a ‘nomination form’ and give some money as ‘security deposit’.
4	What makes elections in India democratic?
	ü  An independent and powerful commission appointed by the President of India to conduct free and fair election is called Election Commission. ü  The commission has three members and once they are appointed, they are not answerable to the President or the government. ü  During election, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.
5	Challenges to free and fair elections in India.
	Ø  Candidates and parties with a lot of money may not be sure of their victory but they do enjoy a big and unfair advantage over smaller parties and independents. Ø  In some parts of the country, candidates with criminal connection have been able to push others out of the electoral race and to secure a ‘ticket’ from major parties. Ø  Some families tend to dominate political parties; tickets are distributed to relatives from these families. Ø  Very often elections offer little choice to ordinary citizens, for both the major parties are quite similar to each other both in policies and practice. Ø  Smaller parties and independent candidates suffer a huge disadvantage compared to bigger parties.
6	How can you say that very few Election Commissions in the world have such wide-ranging powers as the Election Commission of India?
	Ø  Election Commission takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections. Ø  It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it. Ø  During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, To prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, Or to transfer some government officials. Ø  When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.
7	Mention the provisions laid down under the Model Code of Conduct to regulate the election campaign.
	Ø  Use any place of worship for election propaganda. Ø  Use government vehicles, aircraft and officials for elections. Ø  Once elections are announced ministers shall not lay foundation stones of any projects, take any big policy decisions or make any promises of providing public facilities.

 

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