1	Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
	Ø France and Britain had fought wars for American independence which burdened the French economy. Thus, the public had to pay more taxes and was frustrated. Ø The people being born in privileged families were given more important positions due to which the commoners had little scope for growth into the society. Ø The power of the society was concentrated in the hands of a few families which again led to discontent among the people. Ø Due to the emergence of the middle class, the revolution could sustain as they were not underprivileged and raised their voice against such unjust practices instead of simply giving in.
2	Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
	Ø Ideasof Liberty, Equality and Fraternity and Democratic Rights. These ideas spread from France to the rest of the Europe during 19th century.                                                                                                            Ø Right to life, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Opinion, Equality before Law, were established as ‘natural and inalienable’ rights, that is, they belonged to each human being by birth and could not be taken away. Ø  It inspired the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America to work on the idea of freedom. Ø  In many colonized areas people started dreaming of ‘Sovereign Nation States’. Ø Abolition of Feudal systems.

 

QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

 

POPULATION -IX

 POPULATION -CLASS IX

1	How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
	Ø Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). Ø Internal migration does not change the size of the population, but influences the distribution of population within the nation.
2	What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
	Ø Health is an important component of population composition, which affects the process of development. Ø Healthy and educated population refer to an asset of any nation. Ø The substantial improvement in all aspects is the result of healthy population.
3	What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
	Ø It sought to promote responsible and planned parenthood on a voluntary basis. Ø imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age, Ø reducing infant mortality rate. Ø achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases, Ø promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centred programme.
4	What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
	The percentage of a population that is economically active is an important index of development.     The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the occupational structure.     Developed nations have a high proportion of people in secondary, and tertiary activities.      Developing countries tend to have a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in primary activities.

   5. Distinguish between population growth and population change

population growth	population change
ü It refers to the change in the number of inhabitants. ü Such a change can be expressed in two ways: in terms of absolute numbers and in terms of percentage change per year.	ü There are three main processes of change of population: birth rates, death rates, and migration. ü The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death rates.

RURAL LIVELIHOOD

 RURAL LIVELIHOOD CLASS -VI

1	You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non­farm work. List five of these.
	1.    Making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks bullock-carts 2.    Teaching 3.    Washing clothes 4.    Weaving 5.    Repairing cycle.
2	List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?
	ü These people are Thulasi, Sekar and Ramalingam. ü Thulasi is the poorest among them. It is because she has no land of her own. She works on Ramalingam’s field and earns Rs. 40 per day. ü Although she is not satisfied with her wages, yet she continues her work in Ramalingam’s field because of the fact that she can depend on him.
3	Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.
	v No, this is not a fair situation. v There should be a ceiling of land. It will help everyone to have some land where one can earn one’s livelihood. v Opportunity should be equal for all. v Primary education should be made compulsory. v Efforts should be made to promote education among the poor.
4	What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.
	Ø Government can provide assistance to farmers like Sekar. Interest-free loan or loan at the lowest rate can help him. Ø Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides can also be provided to him on subsidised rate.

 

	Sekar	Ramlingam
Land cultivated	Two acres.	Twenty acres.
Labour required	No labour required.	He hires labour.
Loans required	He requires loan for seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc. He takes loan from the trader.	He takes loans from govt, bank for establishing a rice mill.
Selling of harvest	He sells a few bags of paddy to pay back the loan.	He owns rice mill.
Other work done by them	He has a hybrid cow, whose milk he sells in the local milk cooperatives.	He owns a rice mill and a shop selling seeds, pesti­cides etc

DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

 https://1drv.ms/p/c/b6203c6bbf4e80b6/ERFxfqerZvxMkxZG2YVT3ZMB5P-xA0KJ_AbYH6Vi8wHBnw